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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืœื˜ ืžืจื–ื” ืœืกืœื˜ ืžืฉืžื™ืŸ + 2 ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ ืกืœื˜ื™ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื


ืคื•ืกื˜ ืœืฉื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”

ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืืฆืœื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืฆืœื™

ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืžืฉืžื™ืŸ/ืžืจื–ื”, ื˜ื•ื‘/ืจืข, ืืกื•ืจ/ืžื•ืชืจ.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืœื˜ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืจื–ื•ืช,

ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื” ื”ื ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื”.


ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืกืœื˜:


ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื•

ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ื˜ื™ืื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’ ื•ืขืจืš ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ื•ืงืœื•ืจื™ ื ืžื•ืš.

ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 30-50% ืžื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.


ื›ืื‘ ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจโ€“ ืœืืœื• ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ

ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ

ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ืžื”ืžืงืจืจ)

ืคืœื•ืก ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื‘ื˜ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ืจื’ื™ื–ื”.

ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”- ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืกืœื˜? ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืขื” ืžืจืืฉ ืžื”ืžืงืจืจ

ืงื•ืจ ืขื•ืฆืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื. ื•ืžืื˜ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ืžืจื™ื.

ืกืœื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืžืชืง โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืกืœื˜ ืฉืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื• ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื

ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

ืœืžืฉืœ: ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช, ืคืงืื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ ืื• ื“ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื‘.


ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.

ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ืฉืžืŸ ืกื•ืžืกื•ื ืื• ืฉืžืŸ ื–ืจืขื™ ื“ืœืขืช ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื

ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื” ืงืจื”. ืื• ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช

ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขื

ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืฉืžื ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื›ื›ื™ื ืื• ืงื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืกืฃ ื—ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ื

ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื’ื–ืจื”.


ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื•ืช โ€“ ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื˜

ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื—ืกื” ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื‘ื” ื•ื’ื–ืจ.

ื ืกื• ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข โ€“ ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืกื’ื•ืœ, ื’ื–ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ

ืงื•ืœื•ืจื‘ื™, ื ื‘ื˜ื™ ื—ืžื ื™ื”, ืืคื•ื ื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.



ื”ื ื” 2 ืกืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื™

ื•ื’ื ืžืฉืชื‘ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืงืจืจ:


ืกืœื˜ ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื:

ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืงื™ืงื•ืช ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจืง ื”ืขื‘ื”

ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืž2 ื’ื–ืจื™ื + 2 ืžืœืคืคื•ื ื™ื (ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืชื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืขื ืžืงืœืฃ)

ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืืฆื•ืช ืงื•ืžื‘ื• ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช (ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ืืกื™ื™ืชื™ืช)

ืฉื”ื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืคื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื ื ื•.

ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืชื•ืš ืžืขื™ื›ื” ื•ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”

ืขื ื—ืฆื™ ื›ืฃ ืžืœื— ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™/ื”ื™ืžืืœืื™ื” + ื—ืฆื™ ื›ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ืกื•ืžืกื•ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื” ืงืจื”

+ื—ืฆื™ ื›ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช + ืžื™ืฅ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื—ืฆื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืฆืœื—ืช ืขืœ ืžืคืœืก ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืงืขืจื”

ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืžื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืฆื”

ืืฆืœื™ ื–ื” 2 ืฆื ืฆื ื•ืช ืžืžื–ื•ื•ื” ื”ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช.

ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืœื—ื™ืฅ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื•ื.

ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืกืกื” ืงืœ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื

ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ืฉื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข.


ืกืœื˜ ืกืœืง ืžื—ื–ืง ื“ื

ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืกืœืงื™ื ืœืกื™ืจ ืขื ืžื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš

ืžืงืจืจื™ื ื•ืื– ืžืงืœืคื™ื (ืขื ืžืงืœืฃ) ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื”.

ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ืกื•ืช.

ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืฆืจื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื–ื‘ืจื” ืงืฆื•ืฆื” (ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื”)

ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžืœื—. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืžืœืš ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื


ื˜ื™ืค: ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืœืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ-

ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืกืœื˜ ืื• ืื ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ื™

ื›ืš ืชื“ืขื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืื• ื—ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ื


ืžื™ืฆื™ืช ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื•ืืชื’ืจื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื? ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื?

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